藥物潛在的致心律失常作用是藥物開(kāi)發(fā)過(guò)程中一個(gè)備受關(guān)注的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因素,當(dāng)患者伴有低血鉀、結(jié)構(gòu)性心臟病、心動(dòng)過(guò)緩等基礎(chǔ)疾病時(shí),發(fā)生室性快速型心律失常的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)將大大增加。目前已經(jīng)證明,藥物導(dǎo)致心臟復(fù)極化的過(guò)度延長(zhǎng)可能是該風(fēng)險(xiǎn)出現(xiàn)的主要原因[1]。因此在臨床前安全性評(píng)價(jià)研究階段,通常要進(jìn)行藥物對(duì)心室復(fù)極化過(guò)程的影響評(píng)估,其主要參考指標(biāo)即QT間期。
一、QT間期及評(píng)估策略
圖1 人心肌電生理概圖[3]
二、比格犬用于QT間期延長(zhǎng)評(píng)估的優(yōu)勢(shì) 1 ? 應(yīng)用廣泛性
圖2 穿戴遙測(cè)設(shè)備的比格犬
2 ? 離子通道分布的相似性 3 ? 解剖生理學(xué)的相似性 4 ? 體內(nèi)代謝特征的相似性
三、比格犬在安全藥理學(xué)試驗(yàn)中的應(yīng)用
四、使用比格犬時(shí)QT間期的校正
五、比格犬與人的種屬差異
圖3 成人心室肌細(xì)胞動(dòng)作電位與離子流圖[9]
結(jié)語(yǔ) 藥物潛在的致心律失常風(fēng)險(xiǎn)是藥物開(kāi)發(fā)過(guò)程中需要關(guān)注的重點(diǎn)。檢測(cè)動(dòng)物給藥前后QT間期變化是主要的體內(nèi)評(píng)價(jià)策略。清醒犬是評(píng)估人類(lèi)藥物延長(zhǎng)QT間期的主要實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物。雖然犬與人類(lèi)在心肌細(xì)胞離子通道的分布上存在一定差異,但其對(duì)于QT間期延長(zhǎng)藥物的反應(yīng)趨勢(shì)與人類(lèi)是一致的,結(jié)合其代謝動(dòng)力學(xué)特征和經(jīng)濟(jì)性,其仍是作為QT間期延長(zhǎng)評(píng)估的最佳實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物種屬選擇。
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